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Enclosing the genetic blueprint of the cell within its own compartment has fostered the diversity we see in both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic creatures. Each human produces around 150,000 different proteins, not in every cell, but across the various specialized tissues throughout the body. This is possible in spite of the fact that we only have 23,600 genes because the genetic message can be modified inside the nucleus after transcription (the transfer of information from DNA to RNA), and outside the nucleus (by the addition of simple chemical structures such as fats and sugars), thus increasing the overall number of possible protein products. For comparison, the simplest bacterium is probably M ycoplasma genitalium (found on primate genitalia) which has around 500 genes. The common gut bacterium E scherichia coli has 4,300 genes, whereas the smallest flu virus (which needs to hijack the machinery of the cells it infects to reproduce itself) has but 11 genes.